When it comes to women’s health, gynaecological cancers often go undiagnosed until they reach an advanced stage. Among them, vulvar cancer is particularly challenging. While it’s one of the less common gynaecologic cancers, recognising vulvar cancer symptoms early can significantly improve outcomes. Unfortunately, many symptoms are subtle or mistaken for less serious conditions like infections or skin disorders. This blog explores some lesser known, often overlooked signs that may indicate vulvar cancer, helping you stay informed and vigilant.
What is Vulvar Cancer?
Vulvar cancer is a rare malignancy that occurs in the external part of the female genitalia — primarily the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. It mostly affects older women, especially those over 60, but younger women are not entirely risk-free. Like many cancers, early detection is critical, but vulvar cancer symptoms are frequently ignored or misdiagnosed.
While some symptoms may appear obvious, others are so discreet or seemingly harmless that they are easy to miss — until the disease progresses. Recognising the spectrum of symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.
The Commonly Recognised Symptoms
Before diving into the unusual signs, it helps to know the classic vulvar cancer symptoms:
- Persistent itching in the vulvar area
- Pain or tenderness
- A lump, bump, or sore that doesn’t heal
- Changes in skin colour or texture
- Bleeding not related to menstruation
These symptoms typically prompt a gynaecological exam. However, there are more subtle signs — some of which may be dismissed as routine or insignificant.
- Persistent or Unusual Odour
An unusual or persistent odour from the vulvar region may be easily dismissed as poor hygiene or a minor infection. However, if the smell is strong, foul, or lingers despite washing and general hygiene measures, it could be one of the early symptoms of vulvar cancer. This often occurs due to tissue breakdown or necrosis in cancerous cells. It’s essential to consult a healthcare provider if this symptom persists, especially when accompanied by other changes.
- Chronic Vulvar Dryness or Burning Sensation
Many women experience vaginal dryness due to menopause or hormonal changes. But chronic dryness, especially accompanied by a burning sensation or sensitivity, should not be ignored. These symptoms might be mistaken for yeast infections, allergic reactions, or menopause-related changes. Still, they can also be early vulvar cancer symptoms, especially if they do not respond to typical treatments.
- Ulcers or Open Sores That Don’t Heal
Ulcers on the vulva may appear like small injuries or irritation from shaving, sexual activity, or clothing friction. However, persistent ulcers or sores that don’t heal within a few weeks should be examined. They are a critical warning sign and one of the more definitive vulvar cancer symptoms. Pay attention to their size, duration, and whether they are painful or bleeding.
- Thickened or Raised Skin Patches
Many women assume that any raised or thickened skin in the vulvar area is due to benign conditions like cysts or dermatitis. However, skin that feels thicker than the surrounding area, or patches that appear raised, discoloured, or scaly, can be an early sign of vulvar cancer. These types of vulvar cancer symptoms often mimic dermatological issues but don’t resolve with typical skincare or anti-inflammatory treatments.
- Pain During Urination or Intercourse
Painful urination or pain during intercourse is often associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) or vaginal dryness. However, if the pain persists and doesn’t improve with medication, this could indicate underlying issues in the vulvar tissue. In some cases, these are related to vulvar cancer symptoms involving deeper structures or nerve involvement. A thorough examination is required to rule out malignancy.
- Unexplained Swelling or Lumps in the Groin
Swollen lymph nodes in the groin area are another symptom that may go unnoticed or be attributed to a mild infection. If you notice unexplained, persistent lumps or swelling in the groin, especially when paired with any vulvar discomfort, it could suggest that cancerous cells have spread. Lymphatic involvement is one of the more serious vulvar cancer symptoms and needs prompt medical evaluation.
- Bleeding or Discharge Without Any Obvious Cause
Irregular bleeding, spotting, or a watery or blood-tinged discharge from the vulvar area should always be taken seriously. These symptoms are often dismissed, especially in post-menopausal women, as normal hormonal changes. However, such discharge can be one of the sneaky vulvar cancer symptoms, especially if it’s persistent or accompanied by pain or odour.
Why Are These Symptoms Often Missed?
The main reason many vulvar cancer symptoms are overlooked is because of their similarity to non-cancerous conditions like:
- Vaginitis
- Yeast infections
- STIs
- Eczema or psoriasis
- Menopausal changes
Additionally, many women hesitate to seek help due to embarrassment, stigma, or assuming the symptoms will resolve on their own. Health education and routine check-ups play a pivotal role in changing this pattern.
Who Is at Risk?
While vulvar cancer symptoms can develop in any woman, certain risk factors make some individuals more susceptible:
- Age over 60
- Long-term vulvar skin conditions like lichen sclerosus
- HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection
- Smoking
- Weakened immune system
Awareness of these risks can prompt earlier screening and intervention, particularly when paired with mild or unusual symptoms.
When to See a Doctor
A healthcare professional should evaluate any persistent changes in your vulvar area—whether pain, odour, skin changes, or lumps—. Many vulvar cancer symptoms start small and subtle, making self-awareness and routine check-ups vital for early detection.
It’s also worth noting that a biopsy is often the only way to diagnose vulvar cancer definitively. Don’t hesitate to advocate for your health and ask for further testing if your symptoms remain unexplained.
Conclusion
Vulvar cancer may be rare, but it is not invisible. It speaks through a range of signs — some loud, others whisper-quiet. From odour to ulcers, the key is paying attention to your body and knowing what’s normal for you. Don’t let embarrassment or doubt stand in the way of seeking care.
Understanding and recognising vulvar cancer symptoms can make all the difference. Early diagnosis improves treatment outcomes and can preserve quality of life. Make regular self-checks a habit and never ignore what your body is trying to tell you.